12 kinds of texs
1. NARRATIVE
Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged
Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged
Romeo and juliet
In
the town of Verona there lived two families, the Capulets and the Montagues.
They engaged in a bitter feud. Among the Montagues was Romeo, a hot-blooded young
man with an eye for the ladies. One day, Romeo attended the feast of the
Capulets', a costume party where he expected to meet his love, Rosaline, a
haughty beauty from a well-to-do family. Once there, however, Romeo's eyes felt upon Juliet, and he thought of
Rosaline no more.
The vision of Juliet
had been invading his every thought. Unable to sleep, Romeo returned late that
night to the Juliet's bedroom window. There, he was surprised to find Juliet on
the balcony, professing her love for him and wishing that he were not a
"Montague", a name behind his own. "What's in a name? That which
we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Romeo was ready to
deny his name and professed his love. The two agreed to meet at nine o-clock the
next morning to be married.
Early the next morning,
Romeo came to Friar Lawrence begging the friar to marry him to Juliet. The
Friar performed the ceremony, praying that the union might someday put an end
to the feud between the two families. He advised Romeo kept the marriage a
secret for a time.
On the way home, Romeo chanced upon his friend Mercutio arguing with Tybalt, a member of the Capulet clan. That qurreling last caused Merquito died. Romeo was reluctant no longer. He drew his sword and slew Tybalt died. Romeo realized he had made a terrible mistake. Then Friar Lawrence advised Romeo to travel to Mantua until things cool down. He promised to inform Juliet.
In the other hand, Juliet's father had decided the time for her to marry with Paris. Juliet consulted Friar Lawrence and made a plot to take a sleeping potion for Juliet which would simulate death for three days. The plot proceeded according to the plan. Juliet was sleeping in death.
Unfortunately, The Friar's letter failed to reach Romeo. Under the cover of darkness, he broke into Juliet's tomb. Romeo kissed the lips of his Juliet one last time and drank the poison. Meanwhile, the effects of the sleeping potion wear off. Juliet woke up calling for Romeo. She found her love next to her but was lying dead, with a cup of poison in his hand. She tried to kiss the poison from his lips, but failed. Then Juliet put out his dagger and plunged it into her breast. She died
On the way home, Romeo chanced upon his friend Mercutio arguing with Tybalt, a member of the Capulet clan. That qurreling last caused Merquito died. Romeo was reluctant no longer. He drew his sword and slew Tybalt died. Romeo realized he had made a terrible mistake. Then Friar Lawrence advised Romeo to travel to Mantua until things cool down. He promised to inform Juliet.
In the other hand, Juliet's father had decided the time for her to marry with Paris. Juliet consulted Friar Lawrence and made a plot to take a sleeping potion for Juliet which would simulate death for three days. The plot proceeded according to the plan. Juliet was sleeping in death.
Unfortunately, The Friar's letter failed to reach Romeo. Under the cover of darkness, he broke into Juliet's tomb. Romeo kissed the lips of his Juliet one last time and drank the poison. Meanwhile, the effects of the sleeping potion wear off. Juliet woke up calling for Romeo. She found her love next to her but was lying dead, with a cup of poison in his hand. She tried to kiss the poison from his lips, but failed. Then Juliet put out his dagger and plunged it into her breast. She died
2.
RECOUNT
Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives
Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives
Narrative and recount in some ways
are similar. Both are telling something in the past so narrative and recount
usually apply PAST TENSE; whether Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous
Tense, or Past Perfect Tense. The ways narrative and recount told are in
chronological order using time or place. Commonly narrative text is found in
story book; myth, fable, folklore, etc while recount text is found in
biography.
The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in which they are constructed. Narrative uses conflicts among the participants whether natural conflict, social conflict or psychological conflict. In some ways narrative text combines all these conflicts. In the contrary, we do not find these conflicts inside recount text. Recount applies series of event as the basic structure
The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in which they are constructed. Narrative uses conflicts among the participants whether natural conflict, social conflict or psychological conflict. In some ways narrative text combines all these conflicts. In the contrary, we do not find these conflicts inside recount text. Recount applies series of event as the basic structure
Example of this
type:
There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend
decided to join the tours to see as much as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta
on arrival. He spent the first three days swimming and surfing on Kuta beach.
He visited some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to
Singaraja, the second was to Ubud. On the day of the tour, he was
ready. My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city
of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town. The street are lined
with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very late in
the evening to Kuta.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied.
3.
DESCRIPTIVE
Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Identification
2. Description
Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms
Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Identification
2. Description
Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms
Example of this type :
Jakarta
Jakarta is located on
the northwest coast of Java Island, at the mouth of the Ciliwung river. It
dominates Indonesian’s administrative, economy, cultural activities, and is a
major commercial and transportation hub within Asia.
The climate is hot and humid. Rainfall occurs throughout the year. The heaviest rainfall is from November to May. The city lies on a flat, low plain and is likely to be affected by flood during period of heavy rainfall.
The short monologue above is the audio file of listening section test for National Examination 2008. The monologue is followed by a multiple choice question at listening section number 13 as bellow:
13. Why is Jakarta at risk of flooding?
A. It lies on high land.
B. It is densely populated.
C. It lies on a flat low plain area.
D. The climate is hot and humid.
E. It is at the mouth of the Ciliwung River.
Commonly a descriptive text will describe a particular thing, place, or someone. A descriptive text is structured with general identification and followed by detail description. In Identification paragraph, descriptive text will explore to answer the question of who, what when and where. The detail description will include a description to answer how it looks, where it is sees, what it does, and what it make it special.
The climate is hot and humid. Rainfall occurs throughout the year. The heaviest rainfall is from November to May. The city lies on a flat, low plain and is likely to be affected by flood during period of heavy rainfall.
The short monologue above is the audio file of listening section test for National Examination 2008. The monologue is followed by a multiple choice question at listening section number 13 as bellow:
13. Why is Jakarta at risk of flooding?
A. It lies on high land.
B. It is densely populated.
C. It lies on a flat low plain area.
D. The climate is hot and humid.
E. It is at the mouth of the Ciliwung River.
Commonly a descriptive text will describe a particular thing, place, or someone. A descriptive text is structured with general identification and followed by detail description. In Identification paragraph, descriptive text will explore to answer the question of who, what when and where. The detail description will include a description to answer how it looks, where it is sees, what it does, and what it make it special.
4.
REPORT
Purpose: to presents information about something, as it is.
Generic Structure
1. General classification
2. Description
Dominant Language Feature
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense
Purpose: to presents information about something, as it is.
Generic Structure
1. General classification
2. Description
Dominant Language Feature
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense
Example of this type :
Human body
Human body is actually
a living machine and is like all other machines. This living machine needs fuel
to supply it with energy. The fuel is provided by the food which we eat.
However do we know how much we need to stay healthy?
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat which is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C. The number of calories which people need per day varies. It depends on the activity which the people are involved in. For example; people will need more calories for standing than for sitting, people need more for running than for walking, etc.
The energy which is provided by food is in the form of three kinds of chemical substances. They are carbohydrate, protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 8.8 calories per gram (cal/gm) of energy, protein 4.0 cal/gm and fat 8.0 cal/gm. Each food contains different proportion of these substances.These three chemical substances are all important for body staying healthy.
Report Text Notes
Report often starts discussion with brief definition or classification about the thing discussed. The first paragraph matches with the brief definition of body energy.
After brief definition or classification paragraph, report text is commonly followed by the important fact about the topic. The second and third paragraphs tell the important information about the body energy; how it comes from and what form it is available.
Report text is commonly featuring technical or scientific term. Calories, carbohydrate, protein, fat etc are some of the example.
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat which is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C. The number of calories which people need per day varies. It depends on the activity which the people are involved in. For example; people will need more calories for standing than for sitting, people need more for running than for walking, etc.
The energy which is provided by food is in the form of three kinds of chemical substances. They are carbohydrate, protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 8.8 calories per gram (cal/gm) of energy, protein 4.0 cal/gm and fat 8.0 cal/gm. Each food contains different proportion of these substances.These three chemical substances are all important for body staying healthy.
Report Text Notes
Report often starts discussion with brief definition or classification about the thing discussed. The first paragraph matches with the brief definition of body energy.
After brief definition or classification paragraph, report text is commonly followed by the important fact about the topic. The second and third paragraphs tell the important information about the body energy; how it comes from and what form it is available.
Report text is commonly featuring technical or scientific term. Calories, carbohydrate, protein, fat etc are some of the example.
5.
EXPLANATION
Purpose: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
Generic Structure:
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
Purpose: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
Generic Structure:
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
Example of this type :
How day and night happen?
The sun seems to rise
in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the
sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes
it look as if the sun is moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season
6. ANALYTICAL
EXPOSITION
Purpose: To reveal the readers that something is the important case
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition
Purpose: To reveal the readers that something is the important case
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition
Example of this type :
The power of music in our life
Do you agree that music is important in our life? Yes I do, music has
certain role completing our day to day activities. Here are some reasons why
music is heard everywhere and anywhere.
Music
is a way to express feelings. When we fall in love, the kind of music we’d
listen to would be all about love. When we’re sad, we would go for music that
is melancholic in nature and immerse ourselves in the sadness. When we’re
happy, we’d choose songs with happy tunes too.
Song
can help to memorize the last experiences. A favorite song is a powerful
documentary. People with Alzheimer which are impaired the brain would remember
details about songs they were familiar with. For example, an elderly woman who
couldn’t even remember her husband’s name would remember the details of her
favorite song; when it was played, how it made her feel and things about the
song that made it especially memorable for her.
Further, music
can unite people for a cause and changes the world. A song with good lyric and
striking deep chord can stimulate the universal feeling of all people. We can
see it in the case of the famous and legendary Michael Jacson's Heal the World.
It can arouse humanism of a lot people in this world.
So what would the world be like without music? It would be lonely.
So what would the world be like without music? It would be lonely.
7.
HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Purpose: to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
Dominant Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Purpose: to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
Dominant Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory
exposition. In simple word. Analytical is the answer of "How is/will"
while hortatory is the answer of "How should". Analytical exposition
will be best to describe "How will student do for his examination? The
point is the important thing to do. But for the question" How should
student do for his exam?" will be good to be answered with hortatory. It
is to convince that the thing should be done
Example of this type :
Use english!
Many of us are dismayed about the quality of our education,
which is not commensurate with the high cost spent on school fees. It is way
below our expectations if we compare our graduates with those who studied
overseas, especially concerning the mastery of English. It is important to know that most
of employments require competence in English, for office work and
correspondence. Government officials, speakers, writers and observers use a lot
of English.
Then the important thing is to use English as a medium in
schools so that we can compete with graduates from abroad. All students have
studied English since they are in junior high school. Even some of them had
been introduced with English when they were in elementary school. However, lots
of graduates have less English skills. Learning
English is difficult but it is more difficult to customize us with
it Then it will be beneficial to have
TV films in English like in Singapore. It will help to increase our graduates’
competence in English.
8.
PROCEDURE
Purpose: to help readers how to do or make something completely
Generic Structure:
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms
Purpose: to help readers how to do or make something completely
Generic Structure:
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms
Example of this type :
How to boil egg
Procedure
text is commonly stated as instruction text. Dominantly procedure text is
arranged in imperative sentence. Procedure text can be about anything; how
to make kite,
make omelet, drawing stars, install cd driver, etc. The following example of
procedure text is about how to boil egg in very simple and easy ways which is
arranged from ehow
Boiling egg in simple and easy way
Eggs are a rich source of protein and vitamins and are generally healthy to eat, unless you have a high cholesterol level.
You can eat eggs raw, boiled or cooked in a pan as scrambled eggs or an omelet. Boiling eggs is one of the easiest ways to prepare them. Follow the steps!
First of all, place the raw egg in a saucepan!
Second, Run cold water into the saucepan until the water is 1 inch above the egg.
After that, Place the saucepan on a stove and cook over medium heat until the water begins to boil.
The next, don't forget to reduce the heat to low
Then, Simmer for 2 to 3 minutes for soft-boiled eggs or 10 to 15 minutes for hard-boiled eggs.
Finally, Remove the egg with a spoon or ladle and let it cool slowly, or run cold water over it to cool it more quickly.
Boiling egg in simple and easy way
Eggs are a rich source of protein and vitamins and are generally healthy to eat, unless you have a high cholesterol level.
You can eat eggs raw, boiled or cooked in a pan as scrambled eggs or an omelet. Boiling eggs is one of the easiest ways to prepare them. Follow the steps!
First of all, place the raw egg in a saucepan!
Second, Run cold water into the saucepan until the water is 1 inch above the egg.
After that, Place the saucepan on a stove and cook over medium heat until the water begins to boil.
The next, don't forget to reduce the heat to low
Then, Simmer for 2 to 3 minutes for soft-boiled eggs or 10 to 15 minutes for hard-boiled eggs.
Finally, Remove the egg with a spoon or ladle and let it cool slowly, or run cold water over it to cool it more quickly.
9. DISCUSSION
Purpose: to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)
Generic Structure:
1. Issue
2. Arguments for and against
3. Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner
Purpose: to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)
Generic Structure:
1. Issue
2. Arguments for and against
3. Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner
Example of this type :
Foxhunting
is a subject that provokes very strong feelings. Many people believe that it is
cruel to hunt a fox with dogs and totally agree with its ban.
Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always argue that the fox is a pest which attacks livestock and must be controlled.
(Taken from: www.bbc.co.uk)
Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always argue that the fox is a pest which attacks livestock and must be controlled.
(Taken from: www.bbc.co.uk)
10. REVIEW
Purpose: to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience
dominant Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
5. Evaluative Summation
Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor
Purpose: to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience
dominant Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
5. Evaluative Summation
Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor
Example of this type :
2012 Film Review
2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which
uses the Mayan calendar and other end-of-days prophecies for their doomsday
scenario. It imagines the world coming to an end in 2012.
2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire mission.
2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire mission.
Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is
not filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In 2012 film, Emmerich leaves
us befuddled as to exactly what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich' 2012
deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack supplies his trademark hangdog
charm. McCarthy has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky. Danny Glover
lends dignity to the role of the tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the
chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a stock role. Platt has
fun playing the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the
scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to warn his listeners about
Armageddon.
All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.
All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.
11. ANECDOTE
Purpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident
Generic Structure:
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda.
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions
Purpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident
Generic Structure:
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda.
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions
Example of this type :
There was a black family in Scotland
years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to
America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with
their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had
saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the
whole family member in a new liner to America.
The entire family was full of
anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days
before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed
up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being
quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time
came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as
they had planned.
The father was full of
disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without
him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and
God for the misfortune.
Five days latter, the tragic news
spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took
hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the
unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.
The Clak family should have been
on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind.
When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving
the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a
tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)
Generic Structure Analysis
Abstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come
true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What
will we do?
Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America.
They prepared well for their plan
Crisis: few days
before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they
were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.
Incident: the family
was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and
God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not accept it.
Coda: the father
thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because of saving
the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy
but a blessing.
12. SPOOF
Purpose: to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged
Purpose: to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged
Example of this type :
NASARUDIN COAT
One day Nasreddin had been invited to the dinner party. He went to the
party by wearing old clothes.
When he arrived in the party, nobody looked at him and nobody gave him a
seat. He got no food in the party so he went home and change his clothes
Next he put on
his best clothes. He wore his newest coat and went to the party again. The host
at once got up and came to meet him. The host offered him the best table and
gave him a good seat and served him the best food
Nasreddin sat
and put off his coat. He put his coat and said; “Eat the food, Coat!” the hosts
and guests were very surprised and asked Nareddin; “What are doing?” Nasreddin
replied calmly; “When I came here with my old clothes, nobody looked at me.
Then I went home and put on my best clothes. I came back in my newest coat and
you all give me this best food and drink. So, you give food to my coat instead
of me”. Getting Nasreddin's answer, they just shook the head.
Generic Structure Analysis
Orientation: one day, Nasreddin was invited to a
dinner party
Event 1: He was in the party with his old cloth
Event 2: He was in the party with his best newest
coat
Twist: Among the hosts and guests, he aske his coat
to eat the served food
13. NEWS ITEM
Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources
Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.
Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources
Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.
Example of this type :
Winning Award for Airport Toilet
Surabaya's Juanda International Airport has won the Culture and Tourism Ministry's 2009 toilet award, beating out 2007 winner Denpasar's Ngurah Rai Airport, which now drops to fourth. Indonesia's main gateway, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, just outside Jakarta, moves up from fourth in 2007 to second, in the biennial "Sapta Pesona Clean Public Toilet Award".
The award was first handed out in 2007, and has so far involved only international airports. Acting Culture and Tourism Minister Muhammad Nuh said he expected the award in future to also cover public toilets at tourist sites across the country.
"Granting the award to those running public toilets at tourist sites is expected to improve the quality of products and services, particularly in term of cleanliness . as part of efforts to enhance the image of national culture," Nuh said during the award presentation ceremony.
Surabaya's Juanda International Airport has won the Culture and Tourism Ministry's 2009 toilet award, beating out 2007 winner Denpasar's Ngurah Rai Airport, which now drops to fourth. Indonesia's main gateway, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, just outside Jakarta, moves up from fourth in 2007 to second, in the biennial "Sapta Pesona Clean Public Toilet Award".
The award was first handed out in 2007, and has so far involved only international airports. Acting Culture and Tourism Minister Muhammad Nuh said he expected the award in future to also cover public toilets at tourist sites across the country.
"Granting the award to those running public toilets at tourist sites is expected to improve the quality of products and services, particularly in term of cleanliness . as part of efforts to enhance the image of national culture," Nuh said during the award presentation ceremony.
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